Innovative research by Dr Amy Nivette (Utrecht University), Prof Eisner (VRC, Criminology, University of Cambridge) and Dr Denis Ribeaud (Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich) sheds new light on the development of legal attitudes in adolescence. The open-access paper - entitled Evaluating the shared and unique predictors of legal cynicism and police legitimacy from adolescence into early adulthood and published in Criminology - shows that legal cynicism is mainly shaped by individual factors like low self-control and delinquent behaviour. Beliefs in the legitimacy of the police, in contrast, are mainly shaped by social experiences such as supportive bonds with teachers, contacts with prosocial peers and absence of contact with the police.
Abstract
In different theoretical traditions, negative social conditions, attachments, and interactions shape the way individuals view the law and its agents. Although most researchers acknowledge the conceptual distinction between different legal attitudes such as legal cynicism and police legitimacy, it remains unclear to what extent these attitudes stem from the same social sources. In the current study, therefore, we evaluate the social and individual factors that influence trajectories of legal cynicism and police legitimacy using a diverse community sample of youths in Zurich, Switzerland. Latent growth curve models were employed to examine patterns of change in legal cynicism and police legitimacy between 13 and 20 years of age. The findings show that legal cynicism and police legitimacy both decline into early adulthood and exhibit high rank-stability over time. Furthermore, we find that legal cynicism is closely related to individual characteristics that reflect one’s inability to recognize or abide by their internal rules. By contrast, police legitimacy is shaped by socialization influences, particularly teacher bonds and police contacts. These results indicate a need to assess the measurement and interpretation of legal cynicism critically in relation to broader legitimacy beliefs and to investigate the shared and distinct sources of these different constructs.
You can read and download the paper here. You can find out more about the study here.